Rethinking Design Thinking

List of Figures
List of Tables
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgements

1. Introduction
   Purpose and Objectives of the Book
   Central Argument and Methodological Approach
   Who This Book Is For
   Structure of the Book
   Looking Ahead
2. Understanding Design Thinking
   Rethinking Problem-Solving
   The Evolution of Design Thinking
   Core Principles and Mindsets
   Design Thinking as a Problem-Solving Process
   Summary
3. The Five-Stage Design Thinking Model
   Introduction
   Overview of the Five Stages
   Summary
4. Empathise: Discovering Real Needs
   Overview
   The Heart of Human-Centred Innovation
   Why Empathy Matters in Academic Problem-Solving
   Methods of Empathy Building
   Tools for Deep Empathy
   Guidelines for Student Engagement
   AI Lens: Empathise with AI
   Summary
5. Define: Framing the Right Problem
   From Observations to Clarity
   The Importance of Problem Framing in Research
   and Projects
   Synthesising Empathy Findings
   Constructing the Point-of-View Statement
   Crafting “How Might We” Questions
   AI Lens: Define with AI
   Summary
6. Ideate: Generating Creative Possibilities
   Unlocking the Power of Possibility
   Purpose of Ideation in Academic Contexts
   Divergent and Convergent Thinking
   Structured Ideation Techniques
   Using Constraints to Spark Innovation
   Prioritising Ideas: From Abundance to Action
   AI Lens: Ideate with AI
   Summary
7. Prototype: Making Ideas Tangible
   From Abstract to Real
   Why Prototyping Matters in Design Thinking
   Fidelity Levels: Choosing the Right Resolution
   Common Forms of Student Prototypes
   Prototyping Mindset: Build to Think
   Prototyping in Academic Work
   AI Lens: Prototype with AI
   Summary
8. Test: Learning from Feedback
   Feedback as Forward Motion
   The Purpose of Testing in Design Thinking
   Preparing for the Test
   Common Testing Methods
   Capturing Feedback Effectively
   Interpreting Feedback: Iteration, Not Validation
   Documenting Testing for Academic Purposes
   AI Lens: Test with AI
   Summary
9. Design Thinking for Academic Projects
   A Framework for Academic Relevance
   The Role of Design Thinking in Undergraduate and Postgraduate Work
   Mapping the Design Thinking Process to Academic Deliverables
   Planning Academic Projects Using Design Thinking
   Facilitating Group Collaboration
   Integrating Documentation and Reflection
   AI Lens: Academic Projects with AI
   Summary
10. Cross-Disciplinary Applications of Design Thinking
    A Universal Framework for Innovation
    The Value of Cross-Disciplinary Design Thinking
    Applications in Engineering, Business, and Social Sciences
    Techniques for Integrating Design Thinking Across Disciplines
    Mapping Stakeholders Across Disciplines
    Common Challenges in Cross-Disciplinary Work
    AI Lens: Cross-Disciplinary Work with AI
    Summary
11. Common Design Thinking Challenges and How to Overcome Them
    Navigating the Realities of Design Work
    AI Lens: Overcoming Challenges with AI
    Summary
12. Integrating AI in Design Thinking
    Reimagining Design Thinking in the Age of AI
    The Role of AI in Enhancing Design Thinking
    AI Integration Across Design Thinking Stages
    Ethical Considerations in AI-Augmented
    Design Thinking
    Summary
13. Future Trends and Preparing for the Unknown
    Design as a Strategic Lifelong Competency
    The Shift from Product Thinking to Systems Thinking
    Designing for Sustainability and Regenerative Futures
    Embracing Emerging Technologies
    Preparing Students for Ambiguity and Complexity
    Building Innovation Capacity Beyond Graduation
    AI Lens: Future Thinking with AI
    Summary
14. A Real-World Example with AI
    Empathise: Understanding the User’s Digital Fatigue
    Define: Framing the Problem Clearly
    Ideate: Exploring Creative Possibilities
    Prototype: Making It Real
    Test: Learning from Feedback
    Reflection and Iteration
    Key Takeaways
15. Bonus Chapter: Real Problem-Solving Using Design Thinking Across Diverse Fields
    Overview
    Universal Framework, Local Relevance
    Social Sciences: Redesigning Public Participation
    Data Security: Phishing Awareness
    Engineering: Reducing Lab Equipment Downtime
    Mechatronics: Automating Fan Control with ESP32
    Electrical Engineering: Vibration Energy Harvesting
    Chemical Engineering: Natural Odour-Absorbing Material
    Manufacturing and Automation: Paddy Processing Machine Automation
    Computer Science: SME Business Webpage
    Graphic Media: SME Packaging Redesign
    Language and Literature: Reviving Reading Interest
    Among Teens
    Conclusion

Bibliography
Index

Ruzlaini Ghoni is an engineering academic, researcher, and author specialising in research methodology, innovation, and AI literacy. She has authored several research and STEM books, including Mahir Penyelidikan: Mudah dan Pantas, recipient of the National Book Awards.